怎么在变量中捕获单元测试的stdout/stderr？

本教程将介绍如何在变量中捕获单元测试的stdout/stderr？的处理方法，这篇教程是从别的地方看到的，然后加了一些国外程序员的疑问与解答，希望能对你有所帮助，好了，下面开始学习吧。

问题描述

怎么在变量中捕获单元测试的stdout/stderr？我需要捕获以下单元测试的全部输出，并将其发送给SQS。我已经尝试过了：

import unittest, io
from contextlib import redirect_stdout, redirect_stderr


class LogProcessorTests(unittest.TestCase):
 def setUp(self):
  self.var = 'this value'

 def test_var_value(self):
  with io.StringIO() as buf, redirect_stderr(buf):
print('Running LogProcessor tests...')
print('Inside test_var_value')
self.assertEqual(self.var, 'that value')
print('-----------------------')
print(buf.getvalue())

但是，它不起作用，并且以下输出仅出现在stdout/stderr上。

Testing started at 20:32 ...
/Users/myuser/Documents/virtualenvs/app-venv3/bin/python3 "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/_jb_unittest_runner.py" --path /Users/myuser/Documents/projects/application/LogProcessor/tests/test_processor_tests.py
Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest /Users/myuser/Documents/projects/application/LogProcessor/tests/test_processor_tests.py in /Users/myuser/Documents/projects/application/LogProcessor/tests
Running LogProcessor tests...
Inside test_var_value

that value != this value

Expected :this value
Actual:that value
<Click to see difference>

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/teamcity/diff_tools.py", line 32, in _patched_equals
 old(self, first, second, msg)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/unittest/case.py", line 839, in assertEqual
 assertion_func(first, second, msg=msg)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/unittest/case.py", line 1220, in assertMultiLineEqual
 self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/unittest/case.py", line 680, in fail
 raise self.failureException(msg)
AssertionError: 'this value' != 'that value'
- this value
?^^
+ that value
?^^

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/unittest/case.py", line 59, in testPartExecutor
 yield
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/unittest/case.py", line 615, in run
 testMethod()
  File "/Users/myuser/Documents/projects/application/LogProcessor/tests/test_processor_tests.py", line 15, in test_var_value
 self.assertEqual(self.var, 'that value')



Ran 1 test in 0.004s

FAILED (failures=1)

Process finished with exit code 1

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

有什么想法吗？如果需要更多信息，请让我知道。

推荐答案

如果您手动实例化测试运行器(例如unittest.TextTestRunner)，则可以指定它写入的(文件)流。默认情况下，这是sys.stderr，但您也可以使用StringIO。这将捕获单元测试本身的输出。您自己的print语句的输出不会被捕获，但您可以使用redirect_stdout上下文管理器，并使用相同的StringIO对象。

请注意，我建议避免使用print-语句，因为它们会干扰unittest框架的输出(您的测试输出将破坏unittest框架的输出行)，而且重定向stdout/stderr流有点麻烦。更好的解决方案是使用logging模块。然后，您可以添加一个日志记录处理程序，该处理程序将所有日志消息写入StringIO以供进一步处理(在您的示例中：发送到SQS)。

下面是基于使用打印语句的代码的示例代码。

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import contextlib
import io
import unittest


class LogProcessorTests(unittest.TestCase):

 def setUp(self):
  self.var = 'this value'

 def test_var_value(self):
  print('Running LogProcessor tests...')
  print('Inside test_var_value')
  self.assertEqual(self.var, 'that value')
  print('-----------------------')


if __name__ == '__main__':
 # find all tests in this module
 import __main__
 suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(__main__)
 with io.StringIO() as buf:
  # run the tests
  with contextlib.redirect_stdout(buf):
unittest.TextTestRunner(stream=buf).run(suite)
  # process (in this case: print) the results
  print('*** CAPTURED TEXT***:
%s' % buf.getvalue())

此打印：

*** CAPTURED TEXT***:
Running LogProcessor tests...
Inside test_var_value
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_var_value (__main__.LogProcessorTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 16, in test_var_value
 self.assertEqual(self.var, 'that value')
AssertionError: 'this value' != 'that value'
- this value
?^^
+ that value
?^^


----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s

FAILED (failures=1)

这确认了所有输出(来自单元测试框架和测试用例本身)都在StringIO对象中捕获。

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